JAVA for Beginners 2nd Edition by Riccardo Flask

Java refers to a number of computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems the Java™ technology that together provide a system for developing and deploying cross -platformapplications. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms spanning from embedded devicesand mobile phones on the low end to enterprise servers and super computers on the high end. Javais fairly ubiquitous in mobile phones, Web servers and enterprise applications, and somewhat lesscommon in desktop applications, though users may have come across Java applets when browsingthe Web. Writing in the Java programming language is the primary way to produce code that will be deployedas Java bytecode, though there are compilers available for other languages such as JavaScript,Python and Ruby, and a native Java scripting language called Groovy. Java syntax borrows heavilyfrom C and C++ but it eliminates certain low-level constructs such as pointers and has a very simplememory model where every object is allocated on the heap and all variables of object types arereferences. Memory management is handled through integrated automatic garbage collectionperformed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).