Презентация по биологии на тему "Viruses" для 11-12 классов по Дипломной Программе

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A 2.3 Viruses

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Viruses
Non-cellular agents
Obligate parasites
Could have multiple origin, CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
Small size: 20-300 nm in ⌀
Fixed size, do not grow, no cytoplasm
Could be ZOONOSIS
DNA or RNA based
Capsid or membrane, repeating proteins

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Obligate parasite
Bacteriophage lambda
Host
Escherichia coli (E.coli)
Strategies of spreading
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle

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A2.3.3 Lytic cycle of a virus
VIRULENT = spread or infect more and more new host cells
Mostly plant and animal viruses
Detectable, exp. human produce antibodies
Could kill the host

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Lysogenic cycle=temperate cycle
Does not kill the host
Undetectable
Could change to the lytic state
DNA exist as PROPHAGE
For lytic state must be activated in response to stimuli
Herpes simplex virus

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A 2.3.5 Evidence for several origins of viruses from other organisms
DEDUCTION -the process of reaching a decision or answerby thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ru/словарь/английский/deduction
The deduction thinking: cells must have evolved before viruses.
Hypothesis for mechanism of evolution
Progressive hypothesis
Regressive hypothesis
Retrotransposons, sequence of nucleotides that occur widely in the genome of eukaryotes
By loss of the cell components