Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Шотландия" (11класс)

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Scotland

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History of Scotland
10,000 BC
The Palaeolithic Era
The period of earliest known occupation of Scotland by man is from the Palaeolithic era – also known as the Stone Age. Hunter-gatherers hunted for fish and wild animals and gathered fruit, nuts, plants, roots and shells.


The 15th century
The cultural, intellectual and artistic movement that took hold around Europe brought significant changes to Scotland; education, intellectual life, literature, art, architecture, music and politics all advanced in the late 15th century.

In 2012, the Edinburgh Agreement was signed by Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond and UK Prime Minister David Cameron. It paved the way for a once in a generation referendum on Scottish independence in 2014 by confirming the Scottish Parliament’s power to hold a vote that will be respected by both governments.

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National symbols
National Day: 30th of November – St. Andrew’s Day
National Anthem: ‘Flower of Scotland’ – the most notable from a number of anthems
National Currency: Pound sterling
National Colors: Blue and white/ yellow and red
National Tree: Scots Pine
National Flower: Thistle
National Animal: Unicorn
National Bird: Golden Eagle
National Dish: Haggis
National Sweet: Macaroons
National Poet: Robert Burns

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Thistle
The thistle is an unusual purple flower that’s found growing wild in the Scottish Highlands. Though it was named the national flower of Scotland, the exact reason it was chosen is unknown to this day.

According to Scottish legends, sleeping warriors were saved by the thistle plant when an enemy solder from the Norse army stepped on the prickly plant and cried out loudly, waking up the Scots. After a successful battle against the Norse soldiers, they chose the Scottish Thistle as their national flower.

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Scottish Bagpipes
The Bagpipe, or the Great Highland bagpipe, is a Scottish instrument and an unofficial symbol of Scotland. It’s been used for centuries in parades, the British military and pipe bands all over the world and was first attested in 1400.

Bagpipes were originally constructed of wood like laburnum, boxwood and holly. Later on, more exotic types of wood were used including ebony, cocuswood and African blackwood which became the standard in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Since bagpipes played an important role on the battlefield, they do have an association with war and bloodshed. However, the sound of the bagpipe has become synonymous with courage, heroism and strength for which the people of Scotland are renowned worldwide. It also continues to be one of the most important Scottish icons, symbolizing their heritage and culture.

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The Kilt
The Kilt is a shirt-like, knee-length garment worn by Scottish men as an important element of the national Scottish outfit. It’s made of woven cloth with a cross-checked pattern on it known as a ‘tartan’. Worn with the plaid, it’s permanently pleated (except for at the ends), wrapped around the person’s waist with the ends overlapping to form a double layer at the front.

Both the kilt and plaid were developed in the 17th century and together they form the only national garb in the British Isles that’s worn not only for special occasions but for ordinary events as well. Up until World War II, kilts were worn in battle and also by the Scottish soldiers in the British army.

Today, the Scots continue to wear the kilt as a symbol of pride and to celebrate their Celtic heritage.

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Best Places to Visit in Scotland
Glencoe
Hebrides
Loch Ness

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Glencoe
One of Scotland’s best known glens or valleys, Glencoe is stunningly beautiful in its sometimes harshness. Located 26 km (16 miles) south of Fort William, Glencoe is nestled between hills and mountains, including the pyramid-like Buachaille Etive Mor.

As you travel through this U-shaped valley, be on the lookout for the monument commemorating the 1692 Massacre at Glencoe when the Argylls ambushed the MacDonalds. Glencoe is very popular with hikers and rock climbers with trails that are accessible from the road. Glencoe is especially popular with winter climbers and skiers since it’s the ski area closest to Glasgow.

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Hebrides
If you like Scottish Gaelic literature and music, the Hebrides Islands is just the place to indulge your passions. An archipelago off Scotland’s west coast, the Hebrides are known for this culture. It is here that George Orwell wrote 1984. The windswept islands have a quiet beauty to them.

More than 50 islands, including the Isle of Skye, make up the Inner and Outer Hebrides. The islands have great beaches and you’re likely to see seals and seabirds. Pack those hiking boots because the Hebrides is all about the great outdoors.

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Loch Ness
Loch Ness Most travelers visit Loch Ness with one thing in mind: They want to see Nessie, the legendary lady of the lake. You probably won’t see the Loch Ness Monster, but a cruise on the lake is a fun way to search. Loch Ness is quite deep, more than 230 meters (750 feet) in some places, offering plenty of hiding places for Nessie.

It’s huge too, holding more fresh water than all the lakes in England and Wales combined. Take a stroll along the lake or visit quaint villages, including Drumnadrochit, home of the Loch Ness exhibition center, scattered around the lake.

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Scottish cuisine
Haggis
Cullen Skink
Black pudding