Английский язык для химиков

Слайд #1

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
федеральное государственное автономное
образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»
Димитровградский инженерно-технологический институт – филиал НИЯУ МИФИ
The molecule
Подготовила: студентка 432 группы
Моргунова Ирина Александровна
Руководитель: преподаватель
Яббарова Ольга Владимировна
Димитровград
2021

Слайд #2

A molecule is an electroneutral particle of a substance consisting of a finite number of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds, having a certain spatial structure and mass, as well as possessing all the chemical properties of this substance and capable of independent existence.
Definition

Слайд #3

Atoms are combined in a molecule in most cases with the help of chemical bonds. As a rule, such a bond is formed by one, two or three pairs of electrons in the joint possession of two atoms, forming a common electron cloud, the shape of which is described by the type of hybridization. A molecule can have positively and negatively charged atoms (ions).

Слайд #4

Definition
The mass of a molecule (Mr) is the relative molecular (atomic) mass of a substance — this is the ratio of the mass of a molecule (or atoms) of a given substance to 1 divided by 12 of the mass of a carbon atom.

m =
M
N
0
A
M =
m
0
N
A
Molar mass (M) is the mass of a substance taken in the amount of one mole.

Слайд #5

Communications
An ionic bond is of an electrical nature, that is, it is one of the types of chemical bond based on electrostatic interactions between charged ions: a cation (a positively charged ion) and an anion (a negatively charged ion).
Na

Слайд #6

C
Covalent — can be polar and non-polar. It is formed due to a pair of electrons jointly belonging to two atoms, either by an exchange mechanism (generalization of a pair of electrons), or by a donor-acceptor mechanism (from the electrons of the donor and the free orbital of the acceptor). It is characterized by the greatest stability and energy capacity.
H
H
H
H

Слайд #7

Atoms in molecules of simple substances (chlorine, bromine, oxygen, etc.), organic substances are connected by a covalent bond. That is, a covalent bond is formed between the atoms of nonmetals. If the nonmetals are the same, then a covalent nonpolar bond is formed, and if a bond is formed between different nonmetals, then it is a covalent polar bond
H
Cl
H Cl

Слайд #8

Thank you for your attention!