Презентация Политическая система Британии

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THE UK SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch - Queen Elizabeth II - as head of State. Its formal title is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (England, Wales and Scotland) came into existence when the English and Scottish crowns were united at the beginning of the seventeenth century and their parliaments a century later. Wales had come under the sway of the English crown in medieval times.
So, too, had Ireland, but the British and Irish

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parliaments were not united until 1801. In 1922 the southern part of Ireland, predominantly Roman Catholic, became a separate state - now the Irish Republic.
Political stability owes much to the monarchy, the continuity of which has been broken only once (during the brief republic in the seventeenth century) in over a thousand years. Democratic government has developed from the establishment of parliament over 700 years ago. As a constitutional monarch, the Sovereign now performs the functions of an impartial head of State, acting on the advice of her ministers.

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Parliament comprises the House of Lords and the House of Commons, together with the Queen acting in her constitutional role. The Commons consists of 650 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), each representing a local constituency area. The Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers and peeresses, and the two arch-bishops and 24 senior bishops of the established Church of England.
The Government is formed by the party with majority support in the Commons, the Queen appointing its leader as Prime Minister. As head of the Government the Prime Minister appoints a

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team of ministers, including 20 or so in the Cabinet, the group which takes decisions on major policy.
With over 56 million people, Britain is a densely populated country, particularly in the urban areas where most people live. Its people represent traditions and cultures stemming from Britain's four component countries - England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - and from refugees and immigrants who, over the centuries, have made Britain their home. Huguenots, Jews and other refugees from Europe, the Irish and, more recently, people from the Caribbean and the South Asian sub-continent, together with Chinese, Cypriots,

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Italians, Poles and others, have all contributed to the variety. Successive governments have maintained the policy that all citizens must enjoy equal rights and equality of opportunity; the law against racial discrimination provides a framework for safeguarding these rights.

Topical Vocabulary
sway – власть, правление;
predominant – преобладающий, доминирующий;
brief – короткий, недолгий;
Sovereign – монарх, верховная власть;

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impartial – беспристрастный, справедливый;
constituency area – избирательный округ;
hereditary – наследственный;
peeress – супруга пэра, леди;
senior – старший;
densely populated – густо заселённый;
stemming – происходящие;
refugees – беженцы, эмигранты;
Huguenot – гугенот;
Jew – иудей, еврей;
Cypriot – уроженец Кипра, киприот;

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Pole – поляк;
variety – разнообразие;
maintain – поддерживать;
framework – основа, общественный строй.